Allan Bell
Four Speakers -mid 20s, middle-class, university educated, several generation Nzers
Interviewed three times each
     Male Pakeha (Lee)
     Male Maori (Duncan)
     Female Pakeha
     Female Maori

Maori Features-Duncan & Lee

Discourse Features (eh?, HRT, Y’Know, absence of tags)
Morpho-syntactic Features (He [has] got, he seen, he done, there’s five….)
Consonants (in, t-aspiration, z devoicing, TH, DH)
Vowels (I, u)

MEV- Stubbe & Holmes 2000

• Pragmatic Devises (eh, HRTs)
• Borrowing and Code-switching
• Verbal Feedback
  • use more Maori words
              occur with Maori topics or in clusters (Bell) and as a solidarity marker (King)
  • use Maori address system (youse, nicknames, kin-related terms of address)
• Verbal Feedback & Pausing (avoid imposing, and overstating message)
• Narrative structure -less evaluation, resolution, coda, less reported speech, less interruptions
• Humour
• Communicative style rider: …"members of an emerging Maori middle class have both the ability and desire to shift back and forth along a continuum between Maori and Pakeha English.

Anika Moa

Style
    Speech Style (interview, casual chat, performance speech)
    Singing Style
Variables
     American influence (post-vocalic r; HOT vowel)
     MEV (eh, youses, kinship, Maori lexical items, TH--f/v)

Anna Coddington on Anika Moa

American Features….only in singing
Maori English Features
     Hori persona (performance speech)
     tangata whenua (Maori words and phrases)

Vernacular
The variety of a language that is used in everyday situations in informal contexts