Dutch

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European communities

Dutch   

·         Netherlands
·         History of Dutch in NZ
·         Reasons for Dutch immigration
·         Studies on the Dutch
·         Johri (1998)
·         Hulsen (1996, 2000)
·         Roberts (1999)
·         Kuiper (to appear)

1.   Where is it spoken?
The Netherlands –15 million
Belgium -6 million

2.                   History of Dutch
·         1874      -127 Dutch-born in NZ
·         1948- 96 immigrants arrived
·         1950 –further 4,575 immigrants
·         1952 –12, 544 Dutch-born in NZ
·         1966 –20, 471 Dutch-born in NZ

3.                   Reasons for Dutch immigration
·         “Right” race (Schouten 1992)
·         Willing to assimilate
Shunned Dutch events
Dropped Dutch in ‘Reformed Church’
Changed their names

Johri’s study found:
·         English language use at home
·         Indifferent to L1 media
·         Did not mind if other Dutch spoke to them in English
·         In favour of ‘useful’ languages being learned
·         Dutch important as a symbolic language
·         Less concerned about their children learning Dutch

Hulsen  argues this is because
·         Attitudes of Dutch
·         Tacit or Actively hostile attitudes to minorities
·         The lack of a strong ethnic pull by the culture of origin
·         Dutch appearance

Mary Roberts  -184 postal questionnairesnaires
(144 Dutch-born; 40 NZ born)

Dutch-born (most married to Dutch)
·         78%  speak Dutch as their 1^st lg
·         70% use English in all instances
·         84% had spoken some Dutch in last month
·         52% speak mostly English to their spouses
·         48%  attempted to speak some Dutch to their children

NZ Born
·     35%  speak Dutch as their 1^st lg
·         100% use English in all instances
·         52.5% had spoken some Dutch in last month
·         97% speak mostly English to their spouses
·         41% attempted to speak some Dutch to their children
(27.5% oldest, 23.2% youngest child can speak Dutch & English)

 

Attitudes (Roberts 1999)

·         81% thought Dutch classes for adults was a good idea
·         77.2% thought Dutch people should not see themselves simply as New Zealanders
·         69.2% thought after-school language classes for children was a good idea
·         59.8% thought that Dutch should be offered in the school system

Kon Kuiper –ethnographic research

Language sanctuaries: locations where one might expect Dutch to be spoken free from the influence of the dominant language

1. Netherlands Society
2. Dutch Consulate
3. Echo Radio
4. De Borrelclub
5. Reform Church

Earshot rule: speak Dutch only when it cannot be overheard