Faculty of Arts
- Cook Islands Maori
- What is a Pakeha?
- Maori 1 2007
- Maori 2 2007
- Pacific Englishes
- Dutch
- Pasifika Communities 1
- NZ Europeans
- Census Wk 2.1
- Dutch
- Chinese
- Introduction
- Identity Lecture 1
- Language & Maintenance Shift
- Identity
- Census Wk 2.2
- Japanese
- Greek
- Language & Identity
- NZ Populations
- Course Outline
- NZ Europeans and NZE
- Tongan Community
- Lecture Topics
- NZ English
- NZ Greek Community
- Korean
- English Language & identity
- Maori Identity
- Pasifika Communities
- Europeans
- Links
- Korean II
- Niuean Community
- References
- Pakeha
- Assessment
- Maori Identity
- Readings
- Exam Preparation
- Asian Communities
- Globalisation
- NZ Regional Variation
- NZ Sign Language
Language as an expression of identity
Census –Te reo
½ million Maori…but 160,000 Maori speakers
No absolute link between ancestry and identity
Almost all Maori are bilingual in Maori and English
Some resurgence of Maori (age-grading)
Maori by Ethnicity by Language
Maori by descent and ethnicity
121,362 (82 %)
Maori by descent but not ethnicity
4,410 (3 %)
Maori by ethnicity but not descent
957 (0.65 %)
Non-Maori
19,896 (13.56 %)
Maori (Polynesian Language)
37 Polynesian Languages
New Zealand Maori
Cook Islands Maori
Tongan
Samoan
Fijian
Niuean
Tuvaluan etc
Numerals usually show relationships between languages, suggesting common origins
| English | Maori | Rar | Samoan | Fijian | Arosi |
| one | tahi | ta i | tasi | dua | ta ai |
| two | rua | lua | lua | rua | rua |
| three | toru | tolu | tolu | tolu | ora |
| four | wha | 'a | va | va | hai |
| five | rima | rima | lima | lima | rima |
| six | ono | ono | ono | ono | ono |
| seven | whitu | 'itu | fitu | vitu | biu |
| eight | waru | varu | valu | walu | waru |
| nine | iwa | iva | civa | ciwa | siwa |
| ten | tekau | sefulu | tini | tangahuru |
Maori
Simple Phonology
Short/Long Vowel Contrast (Macrons)
CV structure
VS word order
Mutually Intelligible Dialects
Kai Tahu (So)/Ngai Tahu
Aoraki (So)
haere mai/’aere mai (Tauranga)
hakarongo mai ("listen to me" –North)
Strong Dialect Loyality
Treaty of Waitangi
Article 1 (Governance)
Article 2 (Guarantees)
Article 3 (Rights)
Rapid Change
1958
Maori 56,049
Non-Maori 59,413
1901
Maori 45,549
Non-Maori 692,101
Urban Migration (1956 vs 1996)
Auckland 10, 852 106,722
Wellington 3,042 39,609
Christchurch 737 21,462
"When I went to school, it was the Pipiwai Native School, there were lots of children there then, about three or four classes…These valleys were heavily populated then, maybe thirty families here…farming milking cows. Today there’s no school and only a very few people actually live there now" (Ngaha 2001)
Maori Status X rated
Benton ---language for those over 18 years of age
Waitangi Tribunal
Reviews Maori grievances in relation to Treaty Matters
Made recommendation to set up Maori Language Commission (Te Taura Whiri o te reo)
Maori Language Act (1987)
Official Language
Language Revival
First Kohanga Reo (language learning nest) in Wainuiomata (1981)
500 plus Kohanga Reo today
Schools (May et al 2004)
Kura Kaupapa Maori (59+ schools)
Wharekura (16?)
Bilingual Units (276 schools)
Level 1 81-100%
Level 2 51-80%
Level 3 30-50%
Level 4 12-30%
Next Class
Changes in Maori Language Use
